Pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract in burn disease

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30978/GS-2024-2-75

Keywords:

burn disease, gastrointestinal tract, pathophysiology, review, treatment

Abstract

The review of foreign publications resulted in a generalisation of medical reports on the pathological changes of the gastrointestinal tract in burn disease. Burn disease produces an immediate reaction in all organs and systems, which are not always able to maintain homeostasis and frequently suffer pathophysiological and morphological damage. One of those target systems is the gastrointestinal tract. Only in very rare cases do severe (mainly electrical) burns cause direct injury to the abdominal cavity organs, thus resulting in a very severe clinical course and high mortality. Patients of all ages who have experienced a burn injury have an increased overall risk of developing gastrointestinal diseases, which include pathology of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, as well as lesions of the gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas. With a burn area of 40—95%, 5.7% of the victims were diagnosed with pathology of the abdominal organs. Among them, 26.0% had an abdominal catastrophe (infarction or perforation), 37.0% had bleeding from the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract, 32.0% had paralytic intestinal obstruction, and 5.0% developed pancreatitis and acute necrotizing cholecystitis. Large burns are usually associated with a significant decrease in splanchnic perfusion. After severe burns, intestinal ischemia and hypoxia disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier and enteric bacterial translocation, leading to serious complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. Peritonitis or gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for 88.2% of deaths among patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction. In general, gastrointestinal dysfunction was more common in patients with inhalation injuries, burn shock, large burn areas, and high analgesic requirements.

 

Author Biographies

O. V. Kravets, Dnipro State Medical University

Olha Kravets, MD, PhD, DSc, Prof., Head of Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Emergency Medicine of Postgraduate Education Faculty

V. V. Yekhalov, Dnipro State Medical University

PhD in Medicine, Assoc. Prof. at the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

V. V. Gorbuntsov, Dnipro State Medical University

MD, PhD, DSc, Prof., Prof. at the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases

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Published

2024-06-30

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1.
Kravets O, Yekhalov V, Gorbuntsov V. Pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract in burn disease. ЗХ [Internet]. 2024Jun.30 [cited 2024Oct.18];(2):75-84. Available from: http://generalsurgery.com.ua/article/view/308119

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